What are the modifiable and relatively fixed risk factors for hypertension? When does a blood pressure reading constitute hypertension? In this video, we provide you with the answers based on the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC / AHA) 2017 guidelines.

Opioids, benzodiazepines, cocaine, cannabis - a urine drug test can detect if your patient recently consumed any of them. How are opiates and opioids different? Do both trigger a positive opioid screen? How can you estimate how long a drug is detectable in urine? Find out the answers by watching this video presented by Dr. Stephen Holt, Co-Director at Yale Addiction Recovery Clinic, USA.

Opioid agonists, like naltrexone, buphrenorphine or methadone, are medication used in opioid use disorder. Are pharmacokinetic concepts like onset of action, receptor activation and avidity clinically relevant for opioid agonists? How is methadone therapy supervised? Who can prescribe opioid agonists? How is misuse of therapeutic agonists prevented? Find out the answers by watching this video presented by Dr. Stephen Holt, Co-Director at Yale Addiction Recovery Clinic, USA.

Prescribing maintenance pharmacotherapy in alcohol use disorder helps your patient avoid binge drinking. How should you prescribe naltrexone, acamprosate and disulfiram? Find out the answers by watching this video, presented by Dr. Stephen Holt, Co-Director at Yale Addiction Recovery Clinic, USA.

Nicotine withdrawal in smokers peaks over the first three days, but can last for many weeks. Quitting “cold turkey” is not effective for over 90% patients. Therefore, it’s our role as clinicians to support patients trying to quit smoking with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).

As clinicians, it’s important to distinguish between sustain talk, vague talk and change talk. How can you help your patients get to the change stage? What role do SMART goals play? Should you recommend cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, or twelve steps programs, like AA? What about inpatient rehabilitation programs? Find out the answers by watching this video, presented by Dr. Stephen Holt, Co-Director at Yale Addiction Recovery Clinic, USA.

Addiction is a very difficult subject to broach. How should you talk to your patient about their substance abuse? How can you gauge their motivation for change? Find out the answers by watching this video from our course Essentials of Addiction Medicine, written and presented by Dr. Stephen Holt, Co-Director at Yale Addiction Recovery Clinic, USA.

When assessing right ventricle pressure in congenital heart disease, you can leverage the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. Which view should you use? At which exact point should you measure the pressure of the pulmonary regurgitation jet? In this video, Cristiana Monteiro—a cardiac physiologist from the University of Oxford—provides answers and explains the underlying physics for this procedure.

Measuring the velocity of the tricuspid regurgitation jet can help you estimate the systolic pressure in the right ventricle. How do you get a reliable measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation? In this video, Cristiana Monteiro—a cardiac physiologist from the University of Oxford—provides answers and explains the underlying physics of this right-heart pressure measurement.

The tricuspid valve is made up of three non-identical leaflets: the anterior, the septal, and the posterior one. Their sizes and positions differ between individuals, which makes identifying them on ultrasound images tricky. In this video, Cristiana Monteiro—a cardiac physiologist from the University of Oxford—explains the anatomy behind septal defects and how to diagnose them using ultrasound.