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enseignants",{"title":54,"url":55},{"title":57,"url":58},{"title":186,"group":48,"menu":187},"Produit",[188,189,190,191,192,193,194],{"title":38,"url":7},{"title":65,"url":66},{"title":68,"url":69},{"title":71,"url":72},{"title":74,"url":75},{"title":15,"url":77},{"title":195,"url":10},"Tarification",{"title":197,"group":48,"menu":198},"Mentions légales",[199,200,201,202,203],{"title":197,"url":84},{"title":86,"url":87},{"title":89,"url":90},{"title":92,"url":93},{"title":95,"url":96},{"title":205,"group":48,"menu":206},"Service client",[207,208,209],{"title":101,"url":102},{"title":104,"url":105},{"title":107,"url":108},{"content":211,"related":284,"meta":349,"internal":359},{"title":212,"leadIn":213,"category":214,"elements":217,"becomeAnExpert":251,"author":273,"readDuration":282,"readDurationFormatted":283},"Vertigo maneuvers—performing the HINTS exam","Learn how to perform and interpret the three elements of the HINTS exam in order to differentiate between central vertigo and peripheral causes.\r\n\r\n",{"id":215,"name":216},1,"Course previews",[218,229,234,239,246],{"type":219,"data":220},"video",{"readDurationInSeconds":221,"video":222},415,{"platform":223,"name":224,"url":225,"size":226},"YouTube","Vertigo maneuvers: Performing the HINTS exam","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=VwmrjYuvqtQ",{"width":227,"height":228},200,113,{"type":230,"data":231},"free_text",{"readDurationInSeconds":232,"text":233},10.666666666666666,"\u003Cp>Discover how to recognize the cause of your patient's vertigo and identify whether it's life-threatening. In this video, from our Emergency Procedures Masterclass, you'll learn how to perform and interpret the three elements of the HINTS exam in order to differentiate between central vertigo and peripheral causes.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":230,"data":235},{"readDurationInSeconds":236,"title":237,"text":238},12.533333333333333,"Join our Emergency Procedures Masterclass (Part 1) course today!","\u003Cp>Learn how to perform emergency procedures like a pro! With our \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcourse\u002Femergency-procedures-masterclass\">Emergency Procedures Masterclass (Part 1)\u003C\u002Fa> \u003C\u002Fstrong>course, you'll get the lowdown on the tools involved in each treatment or diagnostic procedure, understand when and how to perform them, and determine how to anticipate and minimize potential complications.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":240,"data":241},"cta",{"readDurationInSeconds":242,"text":243,"buttonText":244,"buttonUrl":245},3.466666666666667,"Become a great clinician with our video courses and workshops","Start learning for free","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fuser\u002Fregister",{"type":230,"data":247},{"readDurationInSeconds":248,"title":249,"text":250},203.2,"Video Transcript","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:00:00] \u003C\u002Fstrong>The HINTS exam helps to differentiate central and potentially life-threatening causes of vertigo from vestibular neuritis, which is benign. It's comprised of three tests. First, the head impulse test; second, the test of skew; and third, the nystagmus assessment. HIT stands for head impulse test. This test uses the vestibulo-ocular reflex to predict whether the vertigo is \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:00:30] \u003C\u002Fstrong>peripheral or central in patients with ongoing, constant vertigo and nystagmus. This reflex allows your eyes to stay focused on an object, despite head movement. Go ahead, try this now. Shake your head quickly from left to right, up and down, and look at the center of the screen. Your eyes will be able to read the words without any trouble. As you can imagine, this reflex came in very handy for a caveman running away from a saber-toothed tiger. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:01:00]\u003C\u002Fstrong> The caveman would surely not survive if he couldn't focus on the direction he was going, while bouncing up and down, running through the jungle. This test is only performed on a patient who has active and persistent vertigo and nystagmus. You're trying to see if the eighth cranial nerve, the vestibulocochlear nerve, has been affected by a virus. To perform this test, ask the patient to stare at your nose, hold their head in your hands and move ahead 30 degrees to the side and rapidly bring it to the midline, \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:01:30] \u003C\u002Fstrong>while staring at their eyes. This method is preferred because it will avoid potentially over-rotating the neck and causing spine or artery damage. If the vestibulo-ocular reflex is affected by a virus, the eyes will keep moving in the direction of movement and then quickly jerk back to looking at your eyes. This is called the corrective saccade and will only happen in one direction, so be sure to test both sides. If there is a normal vestibulo-ocular reflex, then the eighth cranial nerve \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:02:00]\u003C\u002Fstrong> is not affected and your exam is very concerning for a central cause of vertigo. However, if the reflex is not working and you observe a corrective saccade, then you are reassured that the cause of the vertigo is likely peripheral, but you still must continue with the two other components of the HINTS exam, to be 100% sure. Again, please note you should not apply this test to patients who have episodic vertigo or are no longer symptomatic \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:02:30] \u003C\u002Fstrong>or do not have nystagmus. Here's an example of a patient with vestibular neuritis and, therefore, the head impulse test showing a corrective saccade. Notice that when the patient's head is moved quickly towards his left side, you see a corrective saccade but you don't see it in the other direction. Here is one more example of a patient with corrective saccade and, therefore, a peripheral cause of vertigo. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:03:00]\u003C\u002Fstrong> A very important thing to remember is that the brain can learn to compensate for this corrective saccade and so it's important to perform the test randomly to avoid a false negative result. Also, be very careful in elderly patients, who may have severe neck arthritis because the rapid head movement could lead to vertebral or arterial injury. The second component of the HINTS exam, is evaluation for nystagmus. Ask your patient to look slightly to the left and then \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:03:30]\u003C\u002Fstrong> slightly to the right and look for direction-changing nystagmus. The key here is not to have your patient focus on your finger because that can suppress the nystagmus. When evaluating nystagmus, the fast component of the beating, is what determines the direction. Look for bidirectional or vertical nystagmus. Presence of this type of nystagmus points to a central cause of vertigo, meaning stroke. Here's an example of a \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:04:00]\u003C\u002Fstrong> unidirectional nystagmus, which is reassuring. Notice that the fast phase of the beating is always towards the left, no matter which direction the patient is asked to look. This patient has a unidirectional nystagmus and was diagnosed with vestibular neuritis, as the other components of the HINTS exam were also reassuring. This is a pathologic bidirectional nystagmus. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:04:30]\u003C\u002Fstrong> When the patient is asked to look to her right, the fast phase is towards the right and when the patient looks to the left, the fast phase changes direction towards the left. Most patients with a central cause of their vertigo do not demonstrate this finding, but if it's seen, it's highly specific for a central cause and a stroke. The last component of the HINTS exam, is the test of skew. Ask the patient to look at \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:05:00] \u003C\u002Fstrong>your nose and cover one eye and then move your hand quickly to cover the other eye. Look to see if there's any vertical movement or diagonal or slanted movement, as the eye is uncovered. Do this for both eyes, looking at each eye. Abnormal vertical correction \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:05:30] \u003C\u002Fstrong>is about 98% specific for a central cause of vertigo, so abnormal vertical correction is bad. Here's a video of the test of skew being performed on a patient. The patient is asked to look at your nose and when you uncover the right eye, notice that the eye is skewed and moves medially and diagonally upward, to look at your nose. This patient has a cerebellar stroke. So, to review, in a patient with acute, persistent vertigo and nystagmus and a normal neurologic exam, \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:06:00]\u003C\u002Fstrong> a HINTS exam with a head impulse test showing a corrective saccade and with unidirectional nystagmus and no abnormal test of skew, means that the patient has vestibular neuritis and can possibly be discharged home. On the other hand, if any of the three components of the HINTS exam are abnormal, for example, no corrective saccade with head impulse testing or vertical or bidirectional nystagmus or abnormal test of skew, the patient needs \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>[00:06:30]\u003C\u002Fstrong> admission to the hospital and neuroimaging.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"courses":252,"showAwardsBelow":48},[253],{"id":254,"isFreeCmeCourse":255,"title":256,"type":257,"specialization":258,"teachers":260,"cmeCredits":262,"teacherIllustration":263,"backgroundImage":264,"relativeUrl":265,"lastChanged":266,"created":267,"description":268,"relativeURL":265,"meta":269},5364,false,"Emergency Procedures Masterclass (Part 1)","course",[259],"Emergency medicine and critical care",[261],"Siamak Moayedi, MD",4,"https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55f1f-61b4-4ac9-8b50-644a30cb3886","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55f20-4e4d-4ec0-84db-e1d65ce22669","\u002Fcourses\u002Femergency-procedures-masterclass-part-1","1768935864","1535559802","Don’t let emergency medicine stump you. Learn how to perform some of the most essential procedures in emergency medicine—from lumbar punctures and vertigo maneuvers to transvenous pacing and defibrillation—so you can diagnose and treat important conditions with confidence. We’ll teach you when to use which procedure, how to perform it safely, and how to troubleshoot common complications.",{"duration":270,"quizzes":271,"lessons":272},8634,9,60,{"id":274,"name":261,"image":275,"profession":276,"relativeUrl":279,"specializations":280},5365,"https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cf02-1064-4074-817b-0eb5de6ded74",{"name":277,"description":278},"Emergency medicine physician","Professor and Director of Medical Student Education, University of Maryland and Course Director, Essential and Critical Procedures, Emergency Medicine.","\u002Fteachers\u002Fsiamak-moayedi-md",[259,281],"Pulmonary",237,"4m",[285,312,331],{"id":286,"title":287,"text":288,"image":289,"author":297,"path":305,"readDuration":306,"readDurationFormatted":307,"internal":308},1350,"How to Recognize INOCA (ANOCA) on an Exercise Stress Test ","Angina, abnormal stress test, clean coronaries—that's INOCA (or ANOCA), and it carries real risk. Learn to recognize and report it with exercise stress ECG.",{"alt":290,"title":291,"size":292,"location":294},"Illustration of the heart's coronary vasculature showing large coronary arteries and the extensive network of smaller vessels affected in INOCA (ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries).","",{"width":293,"height":293},1200,{"bucket":295,"key":296},"public-drupal-medmastery-assets-production","\u002F2026-05\u002FC17(1)_magazine image_0.png",{"id":298,"title":299,"relativeURL":300,"image":301,"professionLong":302,"profession":303,"weight":262},1563,"Franz Wiesbauer, MD MPH","\u002Fteachers\u002Ffranz-wiesbauer-md-mph","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cef0-41ee-4005-9e4a-d8711c816401","Franz is the founder and CEO of Medmastery. He is an internist with a specialization in cardiology and a master’s in public health from Johns Hopkins University.",{"name":304},"Internist","\u002Fmagazine\u002Fexercise-stress-ecg-inoca",141,"3m",{"created":309,"updated":310,"published":311},1778115738,1778118425,1778118255,{"id":313,"title":314,"text":315,"image":316,"author":322,"path":324,"readDuration":325,"readDurationFormatted":326,"internal":327},1348,"Hyperlipidemia screening: who, when, & what to measure","Testing for hyperlipidemia can help you mitigate your patients' cardiovascular risk. Learn who to screen and when, which measures to request, and how to stratify risk.",{"alt":317,"title":291,"size":318,"location":320},"Lipid panel blood sample tubes used to test for hyperlipidemia in a laboratory setting",{"width":319,"height":319},600,{"bucket":295,"key":321},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC121_magazine image.png",{"id":298,"title":299,"relativeURL":300,"image":301,"professionLong":302,"profession":323,"weight":262},{"name":304},"\u002Fmagazine\u002Ftest-for-hyperlipidemia",246,"5m",{"created":328,"updated":329,"published":330},1777403036,1777572381,1777412421,{"id":332,"title":333,"text":334,"image":335,"author":340,"path":343,"readDuration":344,"readDurationFormatted":283,"internal":345},1347,"Outpatient care for COPD exacerbations","Most acute COPD exacerbations can be managed with outpatient treatment. Learn how to treat mild and moderate COPD exacerbations—and when to escalate care.",{"alt":336,"title":291,"size":337,"location":338},"Older patient using a handheld nebulizer to inhale bronchodilator medication during an acute COPD exacerbation",{"width":319,"height":319},{"bucket":295,"key":339},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC133(4)_ exacerbations_magazine image.png",{"id":274,"title":261,"relativeURL":279,"image":275,"professionLong":278,"profession":341,"weight":342},{"name":277},1533,"\u002Fmagazine\u002Facute-copd-exacerbation-treatment",191,{"created":346,"updated":347,"published":348},1776705362,1776710540,1776710541,{"seo":350,"og":352},{"title":351,"description":213},"Vertigo maneuvers—performing the HINTS exam | Medmastery",{"title":351,"description":213,"image":353},{"alt":291,"title":291,"size":354,"location":357},{"width":355,"height":356},822,474,{"bucket":295,"key":358},"\u002Fmigrated-images\u002FScreen Shot 2018-09-20 at 3.28.08 pm.png",{"id":360,"created":361,"updated":362,"published":361},258,1535552941,1655189586]