[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"menu":3,"$fiiajLbujMdPIY8ICCS7cTTQniJOMhY6Yua29SIuPmxE":210},{"main":4,"mainTranslated":17,"footer":45,"footerTranslated":109},[5,8,11,14],{"title":6,"url":7},"Course library","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcourse-library",{"title":9,"url":10},"Pricing","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fpricing",{"title":12,"url":13},"Earn credits","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcme-credits",{"title":15,"url":16},"Institutions","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Finstitutions",{"de":18,"es":27,"fr":36},[19,21,23,25],{"title":20,"url":7},"Kurse",{"title":22,"url":10},"Preise",{"title":24,"url":13},"CME-Punkte",{"title":26,"url":16},"Organisationen",[28,30,32,34],{"title":29,"url":7},"Biblioteca de cursos",{"title":31,"url":10},"Precios",{"title":33,"url":13},"Gana créditos",{"title":35,"url":16},"Instituciones",[37,39,41,43],{"title":38,"url":7},"Cours",{"title":40,"url":10},"Tarifs",{"title":42,"url":13},"Obtenir des crédits",{"title":44,"url":16},"Établissements",[46,59,79,97],{"title":47,"group":48,"menu":49},"Company",true,[50,53,56],{"title":51,"url":52},"Our teachers","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fteachers",{"title":54,"url":55},"About us","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fabout-us",{"title":57,"url":58},"Work with us","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fwork-with-us",{"title":60,"group":48,"menu":61},"Product",[62,64,67,70,73,76,78],{"title":63,"url":7},"Courses",{"title":65,"url":66},"Magazine","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fmagazine",{"title":68,"url":69},"Podcast","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fpodcasts",{"title":71,"url":72},"Webinars","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fwebinars",{"title":74,"url":75},"Guides","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fguides",{"title":15,"url":77},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Finstitutions\u002F",{"title":9,"url":10},{"title":80,"group":48,"menu":81},"Legal",[82,85,88,91,94],{"title":83,"url":84},"Imprint","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fimprint",{"title":86,"url":87},"Newsletter policy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fnewsletter-privacy-policy",{"title":89,"url":90},"Privacy policy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fprivacy-policy",{"title":92,"url":93},"Cookie Policy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcookie-policy",{"title":95,"url":96},"Terms","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fterms",{"title":98,"group":48,"menu":99},"Customer support",[100,103,106],{"title":101,"url":102},"FAQs","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Ffaqs",{"title":104,"url":105},"Contact","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcontact",{"title":107,"url":108},"support@medmastery.com","mailto:support@medmastery.com",{"de":110,"es":143,"fr":177},[111,118,128,137],{"title":112,"group":48,"menu":113},"Unternehmen",[114,116,117],{"title":115,"url":52},"Unsere Dozentinnen und Dozenten",{"title":54,"url":55},{"title":57,"url":58},{"title":119,"group":48,"menu":120},"Produkt",[121,122,123,124,125,126,127],{"title":20,"url":7},{"title":65,"url":66},{"title":68,"url":69},{"title":71,"url":72},{"title":74,"url":75},{"title":26,"url":77},{"title":22,"url":10},{"title":129,"group":48,"menu":130},"Rechtliches",[131,133,134,135,136],{"title":132,"url":84},"Impressum",{"title":86,"url":87},{"title":89,"url":90},{"title":92,"url":93},{"title":95,"url":96},{"title":138,"group":48,"menu":139},"Kundenservice",[140,141,142],{"title":101,"url":102},{"title":104,"url":105},{"title":107,"url":108},[144,151,162,171],{"title":145,"group":48,"menu":146},"Empresa",[147,149,150],{"title":148,"url":52},"Nuestros profesores",{"title":54,"url":55},{"title":57,"url":58},{"title":152,"group":48,"menu":153},"Producto",[154,156,157,158,159,160,161],{"title":155,"url":7},"Cursos",{"title":65,"url":66},{"title":68,"url":69},{"title":71,"url":72},{"title":74,"url":75},{"title":35,"url":77},{"title":31,"url":10},{"title":163,"group":48,"menu":164},"Información legal",[165,167,168,169,170],{"title":166,"url":84},"Aviso legal",{"title":86,"url":87},{"title":89,"url":90},{"title":92,"url":93},{"title":95,"url":96},{"title":172,"group":48,"menu":173},"Atención al cliente",[174,175,176],{"title":101,"url":102},{"title":104,"url":105},{"title":107,"url":108},[178,185,196,204],{"title":179,"group":48,"menu":180},"Entreprise",[181,183,184],{"title":182,"url":52},"Nos enseignants",{"title":54,"url":55},{"title":57,"url":58},{"title":186,"group":48,"menu":187},"Produit",[188,189,190,191,192,193,194],{"title":38,"url":7},{"title":65,"url":66},{"title":68,"url":69},{"title":71,"url":72},{"title":74,"url":75},{"title":15,"url":77},{"title":195,"url":10},"Tarification",{"title":197,"group":48,"menu":198},"Mentions légales",[199,200,201,202,203],{"title":197,"url":84},{"title":86,"url":87},{"title":89,"url":90},{"title":92,"url":93},{"title":95,"url":96},{"title":205,"group":48,"menu":206},"Service client",[207,208,209],{"title":101,"url":102},{"title":104,"url":105},{"title":107,"url":108},{"content":211,"related":283,"meta":355,"internal":365},{"title":212,"leadIn":213,"category":214,"elements":217,"becomeAnExpert":252,"author":273,"readDuration":281,"readDurationFormatted":282},"Using the antibiotic colistin—a tool of last resort","In this video, you'll learn about the antibiotic colistin—when to use it, how it works, and its possible side effects.",{"id":215,"name":216},1,"Course previews",[218,229,234,239,247],{"type":219,"data":220},"video",{"readDurationInSeconds":221,"video":222},139,{"platform":223,"name":224,"url":225,"size":226},"YouTube","How to use the antibiotic Colistin: indications, side-effects and mechanism of action","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=rstk_DnC2T8",{"width":227,"height":228},200,113,{"type":230,"data":231},"free_text",{"readDurationInSeconds":232,"text":233},15.466666666666667,"\u003Cp>Colistin is mainly used for gram-negative rods like\u003Cem> Pseudomonas\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>Klebsiella\u003C\u002Fem>, \u003Cem>Acinetobacter\u003C\u002Fem>, and \u003Cem>E. coli\u003C\u002Fem>. It's an antibiotic of last resort—used for critically ill patients, intensive care units, oncology, and organ transplant patients. In this video, from our Antimicrobial Stewardship Essentials course, you'll learn all about this amphipathic antibiotic, including mechanism of action, side effects, and why this should only be used under specialist supervision.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":230,"data":235},{"readDurationInSeconds":236,"title":237,"text":238},14.666666666666668,"Join our Antimicrobial Stewardship Essentials course today!","\u003Cp>Each day, patients die of bacterial infections for which no active agents are available. This course will familiarize you with the wide variety of antimicrobial agents available, as well as their mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, and toxicity profiles, so you can be more selective in choosing an agent when one is required and do your part to delay antimicrobial resistance.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":240,"data":241},"cta",{"readDurationInSeconds":242,"text":243,"buttonText":244,"buttonUrl":245,"teachIllustration":246},3.7333333333333334,"Start the first chapter of our Antimicrobial Stewardship Essentials course for free","Start chapter 1 now","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fuser\u002Fregister?target=%2Fcourses%2Fantimicrobial-stewardship-essentials","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55ee0-5ed5-48d3-b452-1bcd47dfacf4",{"type":230,"data":248},{"readDurationInSeconds":249,"title":250,"text":251},47.46666666666666,"Video Transcript","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-427af545-7fff-94a3-fce9-eba309cdaf6c\">[00:00:00] \u003C\u002Fb>Colistin is an amphipathic antibiotic, both hydrophobic or nonpolar, and hydrophilic, polar. It disrupts the outer membrane of gram-negative organisms like a detergent, making them osmotically unstable, killing them. Primary use is for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative rods such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and E. coli.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-427af545-7fff-94a3-fce9-eba309cdaf6c\">[00:00:30] \u003C\u002Fb>Colistin is one of the antibiotics of last resort. Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has resulted in decreasing treatment options for patients with community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections. The need to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in human beings has caused a reintroduction of colistin use primarily in critically ill patients in intensive care units and patients with decreased \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-427af545-7fff-94a3-fce9-eba309cdaf6c\">[00:01:00] \u003C\u002Fb>immunity due to cancer chemotherapy or organ transplantation. There is an approximately 30% to 60% risk of nephrotoxicity associated with the use of colistin and its similar cousin polymyxin B. Use of colistin is also associated with a dose-related reversible neurotoxicity which is manifested as peripheral neuropathy and neuromuscular blockade and can result in muscle weakness and even apnea.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-427af545-7fff-94a3-fce9-eba309cdaf6c\">[00:01:30] \u003C\u002Fb>Colistin should be used under the direction of an intensivist or infectious disease consultant. Legislation controlling the use of colistin for veterinary and human use has been considered in South Africa. Furthermore, it has been suggested that colistin not be used in food-producing animals at all in order to prevent further development of drug resistance. \u003C\u002Fp>",{"courses":253,"showAwardsBelow":48},[254],{"id":255,"isFreeCmeCourse":256,"title":257,"type":258,"specialization":259,"teachers":261,"cmeCredits":263,"teacherIllustration":246,"backgroundImage":264,"relativeUrl":265,"lastChanged":266,"created":267,"description":268,"relativeURL":265,"meta":269},6247,false,"Antimicrobial Stewardship Essentials","course",[260],"Infectious diseases",[262],"John F. Fisher, MD MACP FIDSA",2,"https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55ee1-2b09-4606-9d99-42ec696992f3","\u002Fcourses\u002Fantimicrobial-stewardship-essentials","1769266472","1558283408","Each day, patients die of bacterial infections for which no active agents are available. This course will familiarize you with the wide variety of antimicrobial agents available, as well as their mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, and toxicity profiles so you can be more selective in choosing an agent when one is required and do your part to delay antimicrobial resistance.",{"duration":270,"quizzes":271,"lessons":272},7007,4,34,{"id":274,"name":262,"image":275,"profession":276,"relativeUrl":279,"specializations":280},6228,"https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cf01-43e4-4f97-aaa2-a135cbc31096",{"name":277,"description":278},"Infectious Diseases Specialist","John is a Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA.","\u002Fteachers\u002Fjohn-f-fisher-md-macp-fidsa",[260],88,"2m",[284,311,330],{"id":285,"title":286,"text":287,"image":288,"author":296,"path":304,"readDuration":305,"readDurationFormatted":306,"internal":307},1350,"How to Recognize INOCA (ANOCA) on an Exercise Stress Test ","Angina, abnormal stress test, clean coronaries—that's INOCA (or ANOCA), and it carries real risk. Learn to recognize and report it with exercise stress ECG.",{"alt":289,"title":290,"size":291,"location":293},"Illustration of the heart's coronary vasculature showing large coronary arteries and the extensive network of smaller vessels affected in INOCA (ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries).","",{"width":292,"height":292},1200,{"bucket":294,"key":295},"public-drupal-medmastery-assets-production","\u002F2026-05\u002FC17(1)_magazine image_0.png",{"id":297,"title":298,"relativeURL":299,"image":300,"professionLong":301,"profession":302,"weight":271},1563,"Franz Wiesbauer, MD MPH","\u002Fteachers\u002Ffranz-wiesbauer-md-mph","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cef0-41ee-4005-9e4a-d8711c816401","Franz is the founder and CEO of Medmastery. He is an internist with a specialization in cardiology and a master’s in public health from Johns Hopkins University.",{"name":303},"Internist","\u002Fmagazine\u002Fexercise-stress-ecg-inoca",141,"3m",{"created":308,"updated":309,"published":310},1778115738,1778118425,1778118255,{"id":312,"title":313,"text":314,"image":315,"author":321,"path":323,"readDuration":324,"readDurationFormatted":325,"internal":326},1348,"Hyperlipidemia screening: who, when, & what to measure","Testing for hyperlipidemia can help you mitigate your patients' cardiovascular risk. Learn who to screen and when, which measures to request, and how to stratify risk.",{"alt":316,"title":290,"size":317,"location":319},"Lipid panel blood sample tubes used to test for hyperlipidemia in a laboratory setting",{"width":318,"height":318},600,{"bucket":294,"key":320},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC121_magazine image.png",{"id":297,"title":298,"relativeURL":299,"image":300,"professionLong":301,"profession":322,"weight":271},{"name":303},"\u002Fmagazine\u002Ftest-for-hyperlipidemia",246,"5m",{"created":327,"updated":328,"published":329},1777403036,1777572381,1777412421,{"id":331,"title":332,"text":333,"image":334,"author":339,"path":348,"readDuration":349,"readDurationFormatted":350,"internal":351},1347,"Outpatient care for COPD exacerbations","Most acute COPD exacerbations can be managed with outpatient treatment. Learn how to treat mild and moderate COPD exacerbations—and when to escalate care.",{"alt":335,"title":290,"size":336,"location":337},"Older patient using a handheld nebulizer to inhale bronchodilator medication during an acute COPD exacerbation",{"width":318,"height":318},{"bucket":294,"key":338},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC133(4)_ exacerbations_magazine image.png",{"id":340,"title":341,"relativeURL":342,"image":343,"professionLong":344,"profession":345,"weight":347},5365,"Siamak Moayedi, MD","\u002Fteachers\u002Fsiamak-moayedi-md","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cf02-1064-4074-817b-0eb5de6ded74","Professor and Director of Medical Student Education, University of Maryland and Course Director, Essential and Critical Procedures, Emergency Medicine.",{"name":346},"Emergency medicine physician",1533,"\u002Fmagazine\u002Facute-copd-exacerbation-treatment",191,"4m",{"created":352,"updated":353,"published":354},1776705362,1776710540,1776710541,{"seo":356,"og":358},{"title":357,"description":213},"Using the antibiotic colistin—a tool of last resort | Medmastery",{"title":357,"description":213,"image":359},{"alt":290,"title":290,"size":360,"location":363},{"width":361,"height":362},702,477,{"bucket":294,"key":364},"\u002Fmigrated-images\u002Fmagazine-210819-2.png",{"id":366,"created":367,"updated":368,"published":367},314,1566351652,1655189586]