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enseignants",{"title":54,"url":55},{"title":57,"url":58},{"title":186,"group":48,"menu":187},"Produit",[188,189,190,191,192,193,194],{"title":38,"url":7},{"title":65,"url":66},{"title":68,"url":69},{"title":71,"url":72},{"title":74,"url":75},{"title":15,"url":77},{"title":195,"url":10},"Tarification",{"title":197,"group":48,"menu":198},"Mentions légales",[199,200,201,202,203],{"title":197,"url":84},{"title":86,"url":87},{"title":89,"url":90},{"title":92,"url":93},{"title":95,"url":96},{"title":205,"group":48,"menu":206},"Service client",[207,208,209],{"title":101,"url":102},{"title":104,"url":105},{"title":107,"url":108},{"content":211,"related":294,"meta":359,"internal":371},{"title":212,"leadIn":213,"category":214,"elements":217,"becomeAnExpert":247,"author":282,"readDuration":292,"readDurationFormatted":293},"Spirometry test for COPD: confirming diagnosis","Spirometry is used to identify airflow obstruction and confirm COPD—with the FEV₁ \u002F FVC ratio as the key measurement. Learn how to interpret spirometry results and apply them in clinical practice.",{"id":215,"name":216},1,"Course previews",[218,229,234,242],{"type":219,"data":220},"video",{"readDurationInSeconds":221,"video":222},273,{"platform":223,"name":224,"url":225,"size":226},"YouTube","Interpreting spirometry results in clinical practice | Spirometry diagnosis of COPD explained","https:\u002F\u002Fyoutu.be\u002FIkXcwKRJy_Y",{"width":227,"height":228},200,113,{"type":230,"data":231},"free_text",{"readDurationInSeconds":232,"text":233},28.266666666666666,"\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>COPD is defined by airflow obstruction that is irreversible or only partially reversible with bronchodilator treatment—and a spirometry test for COPD is the only objective way to confirm it. Spirometry measures how much air is inhaled and exhaled, and how quickly it moves through the lungs. Interpreting spirometry results is a matter of knowing what these values mean.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan>In this lesson from our \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcourses\u002Fcopd-essentials\">\u003Cspan>COPD Essentials course\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan> you'll learn how to:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli dir=\"ltr\" data-list-item-id=\"ee688e84efbc3576abdddc1d3c7cd2bfc\">\u003Cspan>Identify the key spirometry values — FEV₁, FVC, and the \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr>\u003Cspan>FEV₁ \u002F FVC ratio\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli dir=\"ltr\" data-list-item-id=\"e4b5fd012837327fe8416f293ea0d1474\">\u003Cspan>Apply the FEV\u003Csub>1\u003C\u002Fsub> \u002F FVC ratio to diagnose COPD\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli dir=\"ltr\" data-list-item-id=\"edf55900d132c8ddb12bff8f6d8595876\">\u003Cspan>Determine when pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry is needed\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli dir=\"ltr\" data-list-item-id=\"e1674b2fd93c01a84e6229c6b7bb0a65f\">\u003Cspan>Recognize when the 0.7 diagnostic threshold may not apply\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan>And you’ll see how a spirometry test for COPD is performed in a real pulmonary function lab demonstration.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":235,"data":236},"cta",{"readDurationInSeconds":237,"text":238,"buttonText":239,"buttonUrl":240,"teachIllustration":241},3.466666666666667,"Start the first chapter of our COPD Essentials course for free","Start chapter 1 now","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fuser\u002Fregister?target=%2Fcourses%2Fcopd-essentials","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9e276cff-c252-424b-ab3e-a5580dc2d82f",{"type":230,"data":243},{"readDurationInSeconds":244,"title":245,"text":246},120.8,"Transcript","\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-4d1db0db-7fff-64ff-fcef-3ab0f09bf6fb\">\u003Cspan>Spirometry test for COPD diagnosis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[00:00]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>Spirometry is required to make a formal diagnosis of COPD. It's the objective way of determining if airflow limitation is present and whether it's reversible. Airflow limitation that is irreversible or only partially reversible with bronchodilator treatment is the diagnostic feature of COPD.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>What is spirometry?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[00:21]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>But first, what is spirometry, and how do we use it for the diagnosis of COPD? A spirometer is a device that measures the volume of air that's inhaled and exhaled by the lungs. It can also detect the rate of flow measured in liters per second.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>Key spirometry values for COPD testing\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[00:39]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>When you order a pulmonary function test for the diagnosis of COPD, or asthma, a technician will use the spirometer to obtain two important values. The first is a forced expiratory volume in one second, or FEV\u003Csub>1\u003C\u002Fsub>, which measures how much air the patient can exhale in one second. The second value is a forced vital capacity, or FVC, which refers to the entire amount of air the patient can forcibly exhale after taking a very deep breath. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>Performing a spirometry test for COPD\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[01:13]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>I went to the pulmonary function lab at my hospital and asked the respiratory therapist to put me through a standard spirometry evaluation for COPD. This is what I learned as she coached me through the process: \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>“[We’re] just checking to see how well you can move your air in and out. So you're gonna pinch your nose and breathe normal on the mouthpiece. I'll tell you to take a big breath in nice and deep, and you're gonna blast your air out, pushing all that air in one breath. And then I'll tell you to bring your breath back in and you can disconnect.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>Interpreting spirometry results\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[02:18]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>The spirometry device generates a readout that lists FEV\u003Csub>1\u003C\u002Fsub>, FVC, and the ratio of the two. The definition for airflow obstruction for the diagnosis of COPD is a fixed FEV\u003Csub>1\u003C\u002Fsub> to FVC ratio of less than 0.7.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>When to skip post-bronchodilator spirometry\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[02:34]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>In the past, we would measure both a pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry for all patients, but the guidelines have changed. If there is no airflow obstruction on the initial spirometry evaluation, there is no need to perform any post-bronchodilator spirometry. This adjustment significantly streamlines the process and reduces the need for patients to wait 30 minutes after bronchodilator administration. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>Confirming COPD with post-bronchodilator spirometry\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[03:01]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>But if the pre-bronchodilator spirometry results are consistent with airflow obstruction, then COPD is confirmed using post-bronchodilator measurements. Patients with a pre-FEV\u003Csub>1\u003C\u002Fsub> \u002F FVC ratio of less than 0.7 and a post-bronchodilator ratio greater than 0.7 may have asthma, or in the presence of COPD risk factors and symptoms, may be at an increased risk for future COPD and should be followed closely.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>Limitations and considerations in COPD diagnosis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>[03:32]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan>This is a good time to remind you that peak flow measurement is a useful screening tool for COPD, but it has poor specificity and can't reliably replace spirometry for diagnosis. But keep in mind, there are always exceptions. For example, using the 0.7 ratio as a diagnostic threshold for COPD in older patients may lead to overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis in younger patients. Remember that the diagnosis must be in the context of progressive COPD symptoms, as other lung diseases can also present with fixed airflow limitations.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"courses":248,"showAwardsBelow":48},[249,269],{"id":250,"isFreeCmeCourse":251,"title":252,"type":253,"specialization":254,"teachers":256,"cmeCredits":258,"teacherIllustration":259,"backgroundImage":260,"relativeUrl":261,"lastChanged":262,"created":263,"description":264,"relativeURL":261,"meta":265},5730,false,"Pulmonary Function Testing Essentials","course",[255],"Pulmonary",[257],"Michael A. Grippi, MD",4,"https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55eef-50ef-4b84-a483-3d79e6f6691b","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55eef-f487-4620-bf7c-bb25d7b2b074","\u002Fcourses\u002Fpulmonary-function-testing-essentials","1768253388","1553014043","Pulmonary function testing is a pretty niche topic—and it’s about much more than simply looking at computer-generated test results. In this course, you’ll uncover the physiologic basis of pulmonary function testing and its clinical applications. Know when to use spirometry, what additional (and relatively uncommon) tests to consider, and how to use diagnostic algorithms to interpret test results.",{"duration":266,"quizzes":267,"lessons":268},7134,10,42,{"id":270,"isFreeCmeCourse":251,"title":271,"type":272,"specialization":273,"teachers":274,"cmeCredits":275,"teacherIllustration":259,"backgroundImage":260,"relativeUrl":276,"lastChanged":277,"created":278,"description":279,"relativeURL":276,"meta":280},6229,"Pulmonary Function Testing Essentials Workshop","workshop",[255],[257],2,"\u002Fworkshops\u002Fpulmonary-function-testing-essentials-workshop","1774789391","1553014042","Pulmonary function testing (PFT) may seem like a mystery—but it’s really not. In this workshop, you’ll throw confusion aside and master this seemingly specialized skill with twelve real-life patient cases. After learning our powerful, step-by-step interpretation algorithm, you’ll confidently interpret your patient’s pulmonary function tests and make the right clinical decisions every time.",{"cases":281},12,{"id":283,"name":284,"image":285,"profession":286,"relativeUrl":289,"specializations":290},5365,"Siamak Moayedi, MD","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cf02-1064-4074-817b-0eb5de6ded74",{"name":287,"description":288},"Emergency medicine physician","Professor and Director of Medical Student Education, University of Maryland and Course Director, Essential and Critical Procedures, Emergency Medicine.","\u002Fteachers\u002Fsiamak-moayedi-md",[291,255],"Emergency medicine and critical care",162,"3m",[295,321,340],{"id":296,"title":297,"text":298,"image":299,"author":307,"path":315,"readDuration":316,"readDurationFormatted":293,"internal":317},1350,"How to Recognize INOCA (ANOCA) on an Exercise Stress Test ","Angina, abnormal stress test, clean coronaries—that's INOCA (or ANOCA), and it carries real risk. Learn to recognize and report it with exercise stress ECG.",{"alt":300,"title":301,"size":302,"location":304},"Illustration of the heart's coronary vasculature showing large coronary arteries and the extensive network of smaller vessels affected in INOCA (ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries).","",{"width":303,"height":303},1200,{"bucket":305,"key":306},"public-drupal-medmastery-assets-production","\u002F2026-05\u002FC17(1)_magazine image_0.png",{"id":308,"title":309,"relativeURL":310,"image":311,"professionLong":312,"profession":313,"weight":258},1563,"Franz Wiesbauer, MD MPH","\u002Fteachers\u002Ffranz-wiesbauer-md-mph","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cef0-41ee-4005-9e4a-d8711c816401","Franz is the founder and CEO of Medmastery. He is an internist with a specialization in cardiology and a master’s in public health from Johns Hopkins University.",{"name":314},"Internist","\u002Fmagazine\u002Fexercise-stress-ecg-inoca",141,{"created":318,"updated":319,"published":320},1778115738,1778118425,1778118255,{"id":322,"title":323,"text":324,"image":325,"author":331,"path":333,"readDuration":334,"readDurationFormatted":335,"internal":336},1348,"Hyperlipidemia screening: who, when, & what to measure","Testing for hyperlipidemia can help you mitigate your patients' cardiovascular risk. Learn who to screen and when, which measures to request, and how to stratify risk.",{"alt":326,"title":301,"size":327,"location":329},"Lipid panel blood sample tubes used to test for hyperlipidemia in a laboratory setting",{"width":328,"height":328},600,{"bucket":305,"key":330},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC121_magazine image.png",{"id":308,"title":309,"relativeURL":310,"image":311,"professionLong":312,"profession":332,"weight":258},{"name":314},"\u002Fmagazine\u002Ftest-for-hyperlipidemia",246,"5m",{"created":337,"updated":338,"published":339},1777403036,1777572381,1777412421,{"id":341,"title":342,"text":343,"image":344,"author":349,"path":352,"readDuration":353,"readDurationFormatted":354,"internal":355},1347,"Outpatient care for COPD exacerbations","Most acute COPD exacerbations can be managed with outpatient treatment. Learn how to treat mild and moderate COPD exacerbations—and when to escalate care.",{"alt":345,"title":301,"size":346,"location":347},"Older patient using a handheld nebulizer to inhale bronchodilator medication during an acute COPD exacerbation",{"width":328,"height":328},{"bucket":305,"key":348},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC133(4)_ exacerbations_magazine image.png",{"id":283,"title":284,"relativeURL":289,"image":285,"professionLong":288,"profession":350,"weight":351},{"name":287},1533,"\u002Fmagazine\u002Facute-copd-exacerbation-treatment",191,"4m",{"created":356,"updated":357,"published":358},1776705362,1776710540,1776710541,{"seo":360,"og":363},{"title":361,"description":362},"Spirometry test for COPD: confirming diagnosis | Medmastery","Spirometry is required to confirm COPD—learn how a spirometry test for COPD is performed and how to interpret the results in clinical practice.",{"title":361,"description":362,"image":364},{"alt":365,"title":301,"size":366,"location":369},"Man performing a spirometry test for COPD with a nose clip to assess lung function",{"width":367,"height":368},1020,536,{"bucket":305,"key":370},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC133_2-OG-image.png",{"id":372,"created":373,"updated":374,"published":375},1345,1775449480,1775846411,1775481777]