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enseignants",{"title":54,"url":55},{"title":57,"url":58},{"title":186,"group":48,"menu":187},"Produit",[188,189,190,191,192,193,194],{"title":38,"url":7},{"title":65,"url":66},{"title":68,"url":69},{"title":71,"url":72},{"title":74,"url":75},{"title":15,"url":77},{"title":195,"url":10},"Tarification",{"title":197,"group":48,"menu":198},"Mentions légales",[199,200,201,202,203],{"title":197,"url":84},{"title":86,"url":87},{"title":89,"url":90},{"title":92,"url":93},{"title":95,"url":96},{"title":205,"group":48,"menu":206},"Service client",[207,208,209],{"title":101,"url":102},{"title":104,"url":105},{"title":107,"url":108},{"content":211,"related":274,"meta":346,"internal":356},{"title":212,"leadIn":213,"category":214,"elements":217,"becomeAnExpert":239,"author":261,"readDuration":272,"readDurationFormatted":273},"Imaging the mitral valve using TEE","Learn how to view the mitral valve with the help of TEE imaging. Taken from our Transesophageal Echocardiography Essentials course.\r\n",{"id":215,"name":216},1,"Course previews",[218,229,234],{"type":219,"data":220},"video",{"readDurationInSeconds":221,"video":222},265,{"platform":223,"name":224,"url":225,"size":226},"YouTube","How to image the mitral valve with the help of TEE","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=6eLU-5gUC38",{"width":227,"height":228},200,113,{"type":230,"data":231},"free_text",{"readDurationInSeconds":232,"text":233},16.53333333333333,"\u003Cp>Learn to find your way around the mitral valve with the help of TEE imaging in this informative video. Get a career boost by learning TEE and standing out amongst the rest of the pack.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Your teacher, Andrew Houghton, MD, is head of cardiac imaging at Grantham & District Hospital.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This video was taken from our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcourse\u002Ftransesophageal-echocardiography-essentials\">Transesophageal Echocardiography Essentials course\u003C\u002Fa>, which comes with 10 CME credits. Register for a free trial and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medmastery.com\u002Fcourse\u002Ftransesophageal-echocardiography-essentials\">check it out!\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"type":230,"data":235},{"readDurationInSeconds":236,"title":237,"text":238},116.8,"Video Transcript","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:00:00] \u003C\u002Fb>The mitral valve seen here, from a surgical perspective, is a complicated structure and comprises not just the mitral valve leaflets but also the annulus, the chordae tendineae, and the papillary muscles. Transesophageal echo is an excellent imaging modality for assessing the structure and function of the mitral valve because in most TEE views, the mitral valve is relatively close \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:00:30]\u003C\u002Fb> to the transducer. The main body of a mitral valve consists of two leaflets. An anterior leaflet and the posterior leaflet but lie within a mitral valve annulus. Transesophageal echo allows very accurate measurement of both the minor access and also the major access of the mitral valve annulus, which is very useful for surgeons who are planning mitral valve repair. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:01:00] \u003C\u002Fb>The anterior leaflet occupies approximately one-third of the circumference of the annulus. The posterior leaflet occupies about two-thirds, and both leaflets are divided into three segments or scallops. For the anterior leaflet, these are labeled A1, A2, and A3 and for posterior leaflet, they are labeled P1, P2, and P3. The leaflet segments are numbered, \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:01:30] \u003C\u002Fb>starting from the anterolateral commissure, which lies nearest to the left atrial appendage and this is where the A1 and P1 segments are. Across to the posteromedial commissure, where the A3 and P3 segments are. The posterior leaflet segments are relatively well-defined because of these indents that lie between the P1 and P2, and the P2 and P3 segments. However, the anterior segments are generally less well-defined \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:02:00] \u003C\u002Fb>because the anterior leaflet is a more continuous structure. Transesophageal echo provides us with multiple different views of the mitral valve and each view shows us different permutations of segments. And it's important to know which segments are seen in each view, so that we can interpret any abnormalities appropriately. During each of the mitral valve lessons in this course, we'll be focusing very closely on which segments are seen within each view. \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:02:30] \u003C\u002Fb>But we have an example here, two views of the heart. On the left-hand side of the screen, we have a mid-esophageal four-chamber view, which is equivalent to what we're seeing in the diagram just alongside it. The four-chamber view is obtained with an imaging plane angle of 0 degrees and this cuts through the mitral valve leaflets at the level of the A2 and the P2 segments. So, here, we have the \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:03:00] \u003C\u002Fb>A2 segment and here, we have the P2 segment. On the right-hand side of the screen, we have a different view of the mitral valve. This is the long-axis view of the heart. This is obtained at an imaging plane angle of 135 degrees. As you can see from the diagram, this also cuts through the A2 and P2 mitral valve segments. So, here, we have the A2 segment. Here, we have the P2 segment.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:03:30] \u003C\u002Fb>Assessment of the mitral valve is not just about the valve leaflets and annulus but it's also about the subvalvular apparatus, the chordae tendineae, and the papillary muscles. And we get to see the subvalvular apparatus particularly well on transgastric views. This is a two-chamber transgastric view, which shows the left ventricle here, the papillary muscles, the chordae tendineae, and their insertions into the \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cb id=\"docs-internal-guid-86afe071-7fff-984a-fc8e-82093c6e443c\">[00:04:00] \u003C\u002Fb>mitral valve leaflets.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"courses":240,"showAwardsBelow":48},[241],{"id":242,"isFreeCmeCourse":243,"title":244,"type":245,"specialization":246,"teachers":248,"cmeCredits":250,"teacherIllustration":251,"backgroundImage":252,"relativeUrl":253,"lastChanged":254,"created":255,"description":256,"relativeURL":253,"meta":257},2718,false,"Transesophageal Echocardiography Essentials","course",[247],"Ultrasound",[249],"Andrew R. Houghton, MD FRCP",6,"https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55ea9-9720-419f-ac2a-594a1d7b4d51","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F99f55eaa-a071-40d0-8222-24710a5316b0","\u002Fcourses\u002Ftransesophageal-echocardiography-essentials","1763556396","1462447422","Targeted towards cardiologists in training, internists, anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, cardiac physiologists, and cardiac sonographers this course teaches you everything you need to know about performing a standard TEE exam. You’ll learn when a TEE should be ordered and what needs to be done to ensure the safety of your patient during the process. 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Learn to recognize and report it with exercise stress ECG.",{"alt":280,"title":281,"size":282,"location":284},"Illustration of the heart's coronary vasculature showing large coronary arteries and the extensive network of smaller vessels affected in INOCA (ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries).","",{"width":283,"height":283},1200,{"bucket":285,"key":286},"public-drupal-medmastery-assets-production","\u002F2026-05\u002FC17(1)_magazine image_0.png",{"id":288,"title":289,"relativeURL":290,"image":291,"professionLong":292,"profession":293,"weight":295},1563,"Franz Wiesbauer, MD MPH","\u002Fteachers\u002Ffranz-wiesbauer-md-mph","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cef0-41ee-4005-9e4a-d8711c816401","Franz is the founder and CEO of Medmastery. He is an internist with a specialization in cardiology and a master’s in public health from Johns Hopkins University.",{"name":294},"Internist",4,"\u002Fmagazine\u002Fexercise-stress-ecg-inoca",141,{"created":299,"updated":300,"published":301},1778115738,1778118425,1778118255,{"id":303,"title":304,"text":305,"image":306,"author":312,"path":314,"readDuration":315,"readDurationFormatted":316,"internal":317},1348,"Hyperlipidemia screening: who, when, & what to measure","Testing for hyperlipidemia can help you mitigate your patients' cardiovascular risk. Learn who to screen and when, which measures to request, and how to stratify risk.",{"alt":307,"title":281,"size":308,"location":310},"Lipid panel blood sample tubes used to test for hyperlipidemia in a laboratory setting",{"width":309,"height":309},600,{"bucket":285,"key":311},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC121_magazine image.png",{"id":288,"title":289,"relativeURL":290,"image":291,"professionLong":292,"profession":313,"weight":295},{"name":294},"\u002Fmagazine\u002Ftest-for-hyperlipidemia",246,"5m",{"created":318,"updated":319,"published":320},1777403036,1777572381,1777412421,{"id":322,"title":323,"text":324,"image":325,"author":330,"path":339,"readDuration":340,"readDurationFormatted":341,"internal":342},1347,"Outpatient care for COPD exacerbations","Most acute COPD exacerbations can be managed with outpatient treatment. Learn how to treat mild and moderate COPD exacerbations—and when to escalate care.",{"alt":326,"title":281,"size":327,"location":328},"Older patient using a handheld nebulizer to inhale bronchodilator medication during an acute COPD exacerbation",{"width":309,"height":309},{"bucket":285,"key":329},"\u002F2026-04\u002FC133(4)_ exacerbations_magazine image.png",{"id":331,"title":332,"relativeURL":333,"image":334,"professionLong":335,"profession":336,"weight":338},5365,"Siamak Moayedi, MD","\u002Fteachers\u002Fsiamak-moayedi-md","https:\u002F\u002Fmedmastery-backend-prod-kjbeds.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002F9c43cf02-1064-4074-817b-0eb5de6ded74","Professor and Director of Medical Student Education, University of Maryland and Course Director, Essential and Critical Procedures, Emergency Medicine.",{"name":337},"Emergency medicine physician",1533,"\u002Fmagazine\u002Facute-copd-exacerbation-treatment",191,"4m",{"created":343,"updated":344,"published":345},1776705362,1776710540,1776710541,{"seo":347,"og":349},{"title":348,"description":213},"Imaging the mitral valve using TEE | Medmastery",{"title":348,"description":213,"image":350},{"alt":281,"title":281,"size":351,"location":354},{"width":352,"height":353},480,293,{"bucket":285,"key":355},"\u002Fmigrated-images\u002F171017-magazine.jpg",{"id":357,"created":358,"updated":359,"published":358},153,1508238696,1753107037]